Process for combatting fungi using a bicyclo dicarboxylic anhydride or imide as the fungicide

ABSTRACT

A PROCESS FOR COMBATING UNDESIRED FUNGI IN PLANTS WHICH COMPRISES TREATING THE PLANTS WITH A COMPOSITION COMPRISING AS THE FUNGICIDALLY ACTIVE INGREDIENT, A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA:   1-R1,2-R2,3-R3,4-R4,5-R10,5,6-(-C(=Y)-R-C(=X)-),6-R9,7-R5,   7-R6,8-R7,8-R8-BICYCLO(2.2.2)OCT-2-ENE   WHEREIN X AND Y ARE EITHER BOTH OXYGEN OR BOTH SULPHUR; R IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF OXYGEN, NR&#39;&#39;,   &gt;C(-R&#34;)-R&#34;&#39;&#39; AND -C(-D)=C(-E)-   R&#39;&#39; IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN, ALKYL, ALKENYL, ARYL, ALKYLAMINO, ARYLAMINO, DIALKYLAMINO, AMINO, THIAZOLYL,~SCZ3 WHEREIN Z IS CL, BR OR F, AND~SCQCL.CQCL2 WHEREIN Q AND Q&#39;&#39;, WHICH MAY BE THE SAME OR DIFFERENT, ARE H ORCL; R&#34;, R&#34;&#39;&#39;, D,E AND R1 TO R10 INCLUSIVE, WHICH MAY ALL BE HE SAME OR DIFFERENT, ARE HYDROGEN, HALOGEN OR ALKYL AND D AND E MAY BE LINKED TO FORM A 6-MEMBERED RING WHENEVER THEY STAND FOR ALKYL PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT R9 AND R10 STAND FOR HYDROGEN WHENEVER R IS   -C(-D)=C(-E)-   AND AN INERT CARRIER THEREFOR.

United States Patent Ofiice 3,658,957 Patented Apr. 25, 1972 3,658,957 PROCESS FOR COMBATIING FUNGI USING A BICYCLO, DICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE OR v IMIDE AS THE FUNGICIDE Gwyneth M. Roberts, Doncaster, Victoria, Faye E. Butt, North Balwyn, Victoria, Asbjorn Baklien, Kingsbury, Victoria, Jocelyn M. Gregory, Croydon, Victoria, and Jan Kuiper, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, assignors to Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia No Drawing. Original application Dec. 2, 1965, Ser. No. 511,251, now Patent No. 3,476,546, dated Nov. 4, 1969. Divided and this application June 23, 1969, Ser. No. 850,286

Claims priority, application Australia, Dec. 17, 1964, 5 063/64 Int. Cl. A01n 9/22, 9/28 US. Cl. 424-474 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for combating undesired fungi in plants which comprises treating the plants with a composition comprising as the fungicidally active ingredient, a compound of the formula:

wherein X and Y are either both oxygen or both sulphur; R is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, NR,

R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylamino, arylamino, dialkylamino, amino, thiazolyl, --SCZ, wherein Z is Cl, Br or F, and --SCQCl-CQ'C1 wherein Q and Q, which may be the same or different, are H or Cl; R", R", D, E and R, to R inclusive, which may all be the same or difierent, are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl and D and E may be linked to form a 6-membered ring whenever they stand for alkyl provided, however, that R, and R stand for hydrogen whenever R is and an inert carrier therefor.

This invention relates to new compositions of matter having useful biological, particularly fungicidal and herbicidal properties.

This application is a division of our co-pending application, Ser. No. 511,251, filed Dec. 2, 1965 and issued on Nov. 4, 1969 as US. Patent 3,476,546.

Accordingly we provide new compositions of matter comprising as the biologically active ingredient at least one compound of the formula Formula I wherein X and Y, which may be the same or difierent, are 0 or S; R is selected from the group consisting of 0, NR,

and an inert carrier therefor.

The number of the positions of the substituents used throughout this specification whenever R is oxygen or NR is given in Formula lb:

4 Formula lb The numbering for compounds where is given in Formula Ic:

Formula 10 tsoburtyl 1-ethyl-8-isobutyl-3,6-dioxo-4,S-benzobicyclo- (6,2,2,0 dodeca-4,9-diene O on, C H; (7L C Ha C ll 4,4,8-trimethyl- 1 0-isopropyl-3,5 -dioxotricyc1o (5,2,2,0 )undec-8-ene ll isoPr C1 ii 4,4-dichloro-8-methyl-l0-isopropyl-3,5-dioxotricyclo(5,2,2,0 )undec-8-eneor Q N-phenyl-5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo (2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxamide N- (p-tolyl)-5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxamide isoPr 5-methyl-7-isoipropylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-S-ene- 2,3-monothiodicarboxylic anhydride see. Bu

3,6-dioxo-l 1-sec.butyl-9-methyltricyclo- (622,0 dodeca-4,9-diene CH g N-( l,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl)-5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)Oct-5-ene-2,3dicarboximide By inert carrier we mean either a liquid or a solid diluent used to obtain the desired concentration and to facilitate handling. For most purposes liquid formulations to be used in sprays are most convenient and among these again, aqueous liquid formulations are preferred. The latter may conveniently be prepared from emulsifiable solutions of the active compounds in organic solvents by dissolving the active ingredients in a solvent which is nontoxic to the medium to be treated, particularly non-phytotoxic solvents e.g. in xylene, toluene, kerosene or the methylated naphthalenes, adding an emulsifier and/or wetting agent and emulsifying the solution in water. A typical emulsifiable concentration composition of this type would comprise 20% of the active ingredient, 40% kerosene, 35% xylene and 5% of an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol emulsifier, all quantities on a weight basis.

Alternatively our mixtures may also be formulated into dusts by combining them with solid inert carriers such as powdered chalk, tales, kieselguhr, bentonite and other colloidal clays.

They may also 'be formulated as dispersible powders by milling the active ingredient to a fine powder, optionally together with an inert solid carrier as above disclosed and adding furthermore a dispersing agent finely ground with a colloidal clay.

Suitable emulsifying and dispersing agents are known from the prior art; anionic, cationic and non-ionic agents may be used. A suitable non-ionic emulsifier is e.g. the condensation product of nonylphenol with ethylene oxide available commercially under the trademark Lissapol" N; suitable dispersing agents are e.g. the disodium salt of dinaphthylmethanedisulphonate, sodium lauryl sulphonate and the condensation product of al'kylphenol with ethyl- .ene oxide available commercially under the Trade Mark acaricidal activity. Thus we have found that certain isopropylmethylbicyclo (2,2,2) oct-5-ene2,3-dicarboxylic an- ..lia hydrides are highly selective herbicides; e.g. 2-chloro-6- methyl-8-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct 5 ene2,3-dicar- 'boxylic anhydride kills mustard weed selectively in certain cereal and other crops without serious elfect on the crop e.g. in wheat, rye, sorghum, rice and also in cotton, lucerne and beans, and N-(1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio)- S-methyl 7 isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide kills mustard weed at dosages at which it does not damage'wheat, oats or cotton. A further particularly preferred selective weedicidal formulation according to this invention comprises 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-bicyclo (2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3-dicanboxylic anhydride; we have found that it is extremely effective in combating barnyard grass in cereal crops at large and in rice in particular; it eradicates this weed at dosages of about 2 lb./ acre and less while valuable crops such as oats and particularly rice, but also cotton, remain unalfected or slightly and only temporarily retarded at substantially higher dosages. The selectivity against barnyard grass in l 1 rice is particularly valuable since barnyard grass (Echinvclzl a crus-galli) is the most prevalent and troublesome weed in rice and is so similar to rice. It is difficult to distinguish from rice at theearly stages of growth and therefore difficultto eradicate manually and also similar to rice in its response to chemical agents and therefore difiicult to control chemically. Consequently to date only very few effective and selective agents against barnyard grass in rice have been found. Yet another compound, 2,3-dichloro-5-methyl 7 isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-S-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride exhibits moderate anthelmintic and tickicidal activity; 2,6-dimethyl-8-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-S-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, l-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct 5 ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride and 5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride exhibit some acaricidal activity.

Many of the active compounds of our new compositions of matter are new compounds. Accordingly we also provide new compounds according to Formula I wherein X, Y, R and R to R inclusive are as defined in Formula I characterised in that at least one of the radicals X and Y is sulphur.

Furthermore we provide new compounds according to Formula I wherein X and Y are oxygen; R is R" and R'", which may be the same or dilferent, are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; D and E, which may be the same or dilferent, are halogen or alkyl and, whenever D' and E are alkyl groups, may be linked to form a 6- membered ring; and R to R inclusive are as defined in Formula I.

We also provide new compounds of Formula I wherein X, Y and R are oxygen, R to R inclusive are as defined in Formula I and R and R which may be the same or different, are chlorine, bromine or methyl.

Particularly preferred new compounds suitable as active ingredients in our compositions are the compounds of the Formula I wherein X and Y and R are oxygen; R

R R R R and R are hydrogen; R is methyl; R is which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, alkyl or halogen.

Yet other new compounds are the compounds according to Formula I wherein X and Y are oxygen; R is NR; R is methyl, R7 is isopropyl and R R R R R R R and R are hydrogen and R is as defined in Formula I. a

Preferred are the compounds in which R is methyl and R is isopropyl and R R to R inclusive, and R to R inclusive are hydrogen, and the compounds in which R is isopropyl and R is methyl and R R and R to R inclusive are hydrogen.

We also provide a process of manufacturing compounds of the Formula I as defined in col. 2, which process comprises reacting 1,3-cyclohexadiones of the formula B1 I "I Rr- Re I a- 1 Rs R4 Formula II with a compound of the formula X ll (1 R,

5 Y Formula II wherein R, R to R inclusive, X and Y are as defined above, in a Diels-Alder condensation.

We have found furthermore that the above process is also operative when the substituents X, Y and R are as defined above and, in addition, when X and Y are oxygen, R is NR and R' and R to R inclusive are as defined above.

Compounds of Formula III include e.g. maleic thioneand dithionoanhydrides, thiomaleimides, dithiomaleimides and eyclopentene-3,S-dithiones. I

The reaction is carried out with or'without a solvent, at temperatures from l0 to'- 200 at atmospheric or higher pressures. Suitable-solvents are e.g. benzene, toluene, ethanol, chloroform. The temperature is dependent on the type of reactants, e.g. 2050-l00l50 C.

Suitable 1,3cyclohexadienes are a-phellandrene,

a-terpinene,

l-methylcyclohexa-l ,3-diene, Z-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene,

5 -methyl-cyclohexa-1 ,3-diene, 1-isopropylcyclohexa-l',3-diene, Z-isopropylcyclohexal ,3-diene, S-isoPropylcyclohexa-l ,3-diene, 2-methyl-S-ethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, 2-methyl-5-sec.butylcyclohexa-l,3-diene, l-chlorocyclohexa-l ,3-diene, 2-bromocyclohexa-1,3-diene, 2,5-dichlorocyclohexa-1,3-diene, 1,3-dimethylcyclohexa-l ,3-diene,

1,3 ,5 ,S-tetramethylcyclohexa-l ,3-diene,

. 2,3-dichlorocyclohexa-1,3-diene.-

A further process of the invention leading to compounds of the formula Formula IV comprises reacting a compound of the formula Formula V wherein X, Y and R to R inclusive are as defined in claim 1, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula Y R. l R 6 I NH Ra R R R C 10 H with a compound R Z where Z is halogen and R is as defined in connection with R above in the presence of an acid acceptor such as NaOH, KOH, NaOC H NaNH etc.

Yet another process for the manufacture of compounds of the formula Formula VI 14 wherein X, R and R to R 5 inclusive are as defined above, comprises reacting a compound of the formula Formula VII with P 8 or P 8 or PSCl in a suitable solvent, e.g. benzene.

When the desired product is a compound of Formula VI bearing a sulphur atom as the substituent X, the process may be carried out in two successive steps, wherein the first step leads to a compound VI having an oxygen atom as substituent X which compound, in the second step, is then reacted further with P 8 or P 8 or PSCl Our'invention is illustrated by, but not limited to the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1 2-chloro-6-methyl-8-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-S-ene- 2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride A solution of chloromaleic anhydride (9.7 g.) and ocphellandrene (10 g.) in toluene (10 ml.) was heated in a sealed pressure tube at 135 C. for 3 hours. The cooled product was removed from the tube and distilled in vacuo to give a forerun consisting of toluene, a little unreacted chloromaleic anhydride and a-phellandrene followed by a main fraction of HP. 1303/ 10.2 mm. Hg, which soon solidified. It was shown by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis to be the required compound together with a small amount of the 3-chloro-isomer.

EXAMPLE 2 2,3-dichloro-5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo (2,2,2)oct-5- ene-2,3-dica1 boxylic anhydride Dichloromaleic anhydride (11.7 g.), on phellandrene (9.5 g.) and toluene 10 ml.) were reacted as described in Example 1. Distillation of the reaction product in vacuo gave a sublimate consisting of some unreacted dichloromaleic anhydride, a forerun consisting of toluene and unreacted a-phellandrene, and a main fraction of B.P. 135- 8/15 mm. Hg, shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and elemental analysis to be the required compound.

EXAMPLE 3 9-methyl-1 l-isopropyl-3,6-dioxotricyclo (6,6,2,0 dodeca-4,9-diene p-Benzoquinone (32 g.) and a-phellandrene (41 g.) were heated under reflux in alcohol ml.) for 2 hours. The alcohol was then distilled oil to leave the crude product as a dark crystalline mass. Recrystallisation from petroleum ether gave the pure compound, M.P. 118 C.

EXAMPLE 4 5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyolo(2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-

dicarboxylic anhydride A solution of ot-phellandrene g.) and maleic anhydride (70 g.) in benzene (120 ml.) was heated at 50 C. for 1 hour. The solvent was then evaporated otf and the product recrystallised from methanol, M.P. 127 C.

EXAMPLE 5 5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo (2,2,2 oct-5-ene-2,3-

dicarboximide 5 methyl-7-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)-Oct 5 ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (11.6 g.) and '80 ml. of alcohol saturated with ammonia at C. were heated in a carius tube at 150 C. for 1 hour. The cooled reaction product was removed from the tube and the solvent removed by evaporation. The almost pure product could be further purified by recrystallisation from benzene/petroleum ether, M.P. 141 C.

EXAMPLE 6 N- (trichloromethylthio) -7-isopropyl-5-methy1bicyclo- (2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide 5 methyl-7-isopropyl(2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide (4.7 g.) and sodium hydroxide (0.8 g.) were dissolved in 40 ml. of water in a 100 ml. flask. To this solution was added trichloromethane chloride (3.7 'g.). The flask was stoppered and shaken for 1 hour. The mixture was ex tracted with two ml. portions of ether, the ether extract dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the other removed by distillation. This left the desired compound as a nearly colourless solid.

EXAMPLE 7 1-isopropyl-4-methylbieyclo (2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3- dicar'hoxylic anhydride u-Terpinene (50 g.) and maleic anhydride g.) in benzene (60 ml.) were heated under reflux for 1 hour. Evaporation of the solvent yielded the crude compound which was purified by recrystallisation from methanol. M.P. 60 C.

EXAMPLE 8 N-(trifiuoromethylthio)-7-isopropyl-5-methylbicyclo- (2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide This was prepared as described in Example 6 using trifluoromethane sulpheuyl chloride (2.75 g.) instead of trichloromethane sulphenyl chloride.

EXAMPLE 9 1-isopropyl4-methylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-S-ene- 2,3-dicarboximide This was prepared from the corresponding dicarboxylic anhydride as described in Example 5. M.P. 155 C.

EXAMPLE 10 N-( 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio)-1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo (2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide This was prepared from 1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo- (2,2,2) oct-S-ene-Z,3-dicarboxirnide and 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethane sulphenyl chloride by the method described in Example 6.

EXAMPLE 11 5-methyl-7-isoproplylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3- dithiocarboximide 1 6 EXAMPLE 12 N-trichloromethylthio-7-isopropyl-S-methylbicyco- (2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dithiocarboximide The product obtained in Example 11 was reacted with trichloromethanesulphenyl chloride as described in Example 6 to give the desired compound.

EXAMPLE l3 7-sec. butyl-S-methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5-ene- 2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride 2-methyl-5-sec. butyl1,3-cyclohexadiene was reacted with maleic anhydride as described in Example 4' to yield the desired compound.

EXAMPLE 14 3,6-dioxo-l l-sec.butyl-9-methyltricyclo (6,2,2,0

dodeca-4,9-diene 2 methyl-5-sec.butyl-l,3-cyclohexadiene and p-benzoquinone were reacted as described in Example 3 to give the desired compound.

EXAMPLE 15 N- (dimethylamino) -7-sec.butyl-5-methylbicyclo- 2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide 7 sec.butyl 5-methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5-one-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (12.4 g.) and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (3.5 g.) in 50 ml. of alcohol were heated in a sealed tube at 130 C. for 4 hours. Removal of solvent and excess 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in vacuo left the crude product which was purified by recrystallisation from methanol.

EXAMPLE 16 isoPr 3,5-dioxo-10-isopropyl-8-methyl-tricyclo (5,2,2,0 undec-8-ene Cyclopentene 3,5 dione (19.2 g.) and a-phellandrene (28 g.) were dissolved in ml. of benzene. The mixture was heated, with stirring, at 70 C. for 3 hours. The solvent and unreacted u-phellandrene were distilled oil under reduced pressure and the residue recrystallised from methanol.

EXAMPLE 17 I I isoPr O 3,5-dioxo-1-isopr0pyl-77-methy1tricyclo-(5,2,2,0

undec-S-ene Cyclopentene-3,5-dione (9.6 g.) and a-terpinene (14 g.) were dissolved in 100 ml. of toluene and the solution heated under reflux for 6 hours. Solvent and unreacted a-terpinene were distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled in vacuo to yield the tricyclic compound as an oil which soon solidified.

EXAMPLE 18 N- p-tolyl) -5-methy1-7-isopropylbicyclo 2,2,2 oct- 5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide A mixture of 5-methyl-7-isopropylbicyc1o(2,2,2)oct-5- ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (23.4 g.) and p-toluidine 17 (10.7 g.) in toluene (400 ml.) was heated under reflux in a Dean and Stark apparatus for 6 hours. The toluene Was then removed by distillation in vacuo and the product recrystallised from petroleum ether (BB. 80-100 C.) to yield the desired compound.

EXAMPLE 19 N-dimethylamino-1-methyl-4-isopropylbicyclo (2,2,2 oct-5-ene-2,3 -dicarboximide a box of nine 4 week old tobacco plants and two 7" tall tomato plants. In addition, for comparison, dispersible powders of zineb (zinc ethylene-1,2-bisdithiocarbamate) and Karathane (registered trademark for 2,4-dinitro-6- (2-octyl)phenyl crotonate) were sprayed onto further plants as examples of fungicides well known to give highly effective control of the diseases shown in Table 1. Twentyfour hours after spraying, the plants were infected in the following manner. Tomatoes were inoculated with a cony 4 z 1 centrated spore suspension of Alternaria solani and tobaccarboxylic anhydride was rea ted \iVliltll a 07g 9; co with a concentrated spore suspension of Peronospora Cess of 11'd1mFthy1hydra?m6 m a c0 01 as escn ed rabacina. The oat seedlings were inoculated by dusting Example 5 to yield the desired compoun with spores of Puccinia coronata taken from infected EXAMPLE plant material. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with 1 Erysz'plze graminis in a similar manner. After inoculation, the wheat was returned to the glass-house and the oats, tobacco and tomatoes were placed in a high humidity cabinet for 24 hours and then returned to the glass-house. The tomatoes and wheat were assessed for disease and 20 phytotoxic symptoms 4 days, the oats 8 days, after inoculation. The tobacco plants were returned to the humidity cabinet 6 days after inoculation for a period of 24 hours 1 and then returned to the glass-house and assessed on the N-amino-7-isopropyl-5-methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-S- 7th day. The rating procedures for disease and phytotoxiene-2,3-dicarboximide city, and the results are given at the bottom of Table I.

TABLE I Puccinia Erysiphe Alternariu. Pero'nospora Coneencoronata graminia solam tabacina tratlon, percent Phyto Phyto- Phyto Phyto- Compound No. w./v. Disease toxicity Disease toxicity Disease toxicity Disease toxicity A 0. 05 3 o 3 0 0 0 0 o 0.2 0 s 0 TB 0 sLs 0 SLS B 0. 05 3 o 1 SLS 0.2 0 s 1 0 1 SLS 0 s c 0. 05 1 o 3 0 a o 0 o 0.2 0 o 2 0 2 0 0 o D 0.05 2 0 1 o 0 o o o 0.2 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 zmeb 0.05 0 o o 1 o 0.2 0 0 0 0 SLS Karatheno" 0.05 0 O No'rE-Phy totoxicity rating: O=No toxicity observed, TB=Tip hum, SLS=Slight scorch, S=Moderate scorch. Disease ratings: 0=0-25% diseased, 1=2550% diseased, 2=5075% diseased, 3=75-l00% diseased.

10 grams of the a-phellandrene-maleic anhydride adduct and 12 g. of hydrazine hydrate were heated in ethanol in a sealed tube at 150 C. for 1 hour. Solvent and unreacted hydrazine were removed by distillation in vacuo and the residue recrystallised from aqueous methanol, M.P. 89-90" C.

EXAMPLE 21 formulations were then emulsified by mixing with water to concentrations of 0.05% and 0.2% w./v. of active ingredient. Then 200 ml. of each emulsion were sprayed in a spray cabinet onto the following group of plants: a pot of 5" tall wheat plants; a pot of 30 5" tall oat plants;

EXAMPLE 22 Chemicals designated A, B, C and D in Example 21 4,10 dimethyl-l2-isopropyl-3,6-dioxotricyclo(6,2,2,0 dodeca 9,9 diene, designated B, were formulated and tested against the species shown in Table II according to the procedure described in Example 21, against which species they had shown promise in Example 21. In addition, the formulations of chemicals A and D which had shown activity against Erysiphe graminis were sprayed on to apple seedlings which were later inoculated by dusting with spores of Podasphaera leucotricha and on to pumpkin seedlings later inoculated by dusting with spores of Erysiphe cichoracearum. After inoculation, the apple and pumpkin seedlings were returned to the glass-house and assessed for disease and phytotoxicity on the 8th day. The scale for assessing phytotoxicity is shown at the bottom of Table II. The amount of disease produced by Alternaria solani was assessed by counting the lesions on the tomato seedlings and expressing the number as a percentage of those on control seedlings which did not receive fungicide. The amount of disease produced by Peronospora tabacimz was assessed by counting the number of diseased seedlings from 4 boxes of nine seedlings each for each concentration of each fungicide and expressing the number as a percentage of the diseased seedlings in 4 control boxes. For the other diseases, the amount of disease produced was assessed on an arbitrary rating system from 0=no disease to 5=maximum disease. As reference standards the well-known fungicides maneb (Manganous ethylene 19 bisdithiocarbamate) and Karathene (registered trademark for 2,4-dinitro-6-(2-octyl)phenyl crotonate) were tested in the same manner as compounds A, B, C and D against the species of fungi shown in Table II, which are typical fungi for which they are used in practice.

20 tion was emulsified in water, and the emulsion was applied at a range of dilutions as shown in Table IV through a small spraying boom onto boxes of soil in which various seedlings were growing. The boxes were passed under the boom on an endless belt moving at a pre- Results are given in Table II. determined constant speed.

TABLE II Pucci'm'a Erysz'pha Podosphaera Erysiphe Paronospom Alternaria coronata gra'minis leucutrz'cha cichoracaerum bacina solo'nii Concentra- Pliyto- Phyto- Pl1yto Phyto- Phyto- Phytotion,perceut Distoxic- Distoxic- Ditoxic- Distoxic- Distoxic- Distoxic- Compound No. \\'./v. ease ity ease ity ease ity ease ity ease ity ease ity 77 O 0 0 SLS 0 0 S S B 100 O 100 O 12 SLS C 100 O 70 O 0 O 0 SLS D 67 0 31.7 0 33 0 7.3 O 11 O 1.8 O 11 O 0.9 O Mancb 100 O 17.9 0 100 O O 50 SLS 8.5 0 0 S 8.2 0

Karathane" Watercontrol O 5 O 5 O 100 O 100 0 NOTE.Pliyt0toxicity ratings: O=no toxicity observed, S=moderate scorch, SLS=slight scorch, SVS=severe scorch.

EXAMPLE 23 Compound A of Example 21, 2,6-dimethyl-8-isopropylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5-ene-2,3 dicarboxylic anhydride (designated G in Table III) and 1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo- (2,2,2)oct-S-ene-Z,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (designated H in Table III) were formulated as described in Example 21. These formulations were emulsified in water to give concentrations of 0.03%, 0.1% and 0.3% w./v. of each active chemical. The emulsions were sprayed onto French bean plants with leaves cut to 1 inch square and infested 24 hours before spraying with adult mites of T erranyclzus telarius per leaf. Four days after spraying the live and dead mites were counted and a percentage mortality figure was obtained by comparison with mortality occurring on plants sprayed with control emulsions, that is with an emulsion of the formulation described above omitting the test chemicals. Results are shown in Table III.

20 g. of 1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5-ene- 2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride were dissolved in 70 mls. of toluene. Then 9 mls. of surfactant marketed under the registered trademark Triton X100 (iso-octyl phenyl ether of polyethylene glycol) were added, and the volume made up to 100 ml. with further toluene. This formula- After three weeks the plants were observed for the effect of the chemical, and phytotoxicity ratings were carried out. The concentrations used and results for the chemical and for a control formulation, from which the active chemical was omitted, are shown in Table IV. In Table IV N indicates no etfect, S indicates scorch, St indicates stunting, i.e., both S and St indicate relatively minor and often temporary effects; K indicates that 25 to of all plants treated, K indicates that 50 to of all plants treated and K indicates that 75 to of all plants treated, were killed. The arrow indicates an intermediate stage between the effects shown.

The high kill on barnyard grass and mustard and the resistance of rice, oats, cotton, beans and others demonstrate the selectivity of the compound.

TABLE Iv Selective herbicidal effect of 1-isopropyl-4-methylbieyclo(2,2,2)oct4i-ene- 2,3-diearboxylic anhydride Concentration of active ingredient in aqueous solution, v./v. percent Several formulations F F and F as defined below in this example of 1 isopropyl 4 methylbicyclo(2,2,

2)-oct ene 2,3 dicarboxylic anhydride were mixed with water at concentrations shown below and applied through a small spraying boom on to boxes of soil in which there were growing alternating rows of rice and barnyard grass seedlings. The boxes were passed under the boom on an endless belt moving at a pre-deten-mined constant speed so as to achieve application of a known dosage of pounds per acre of the active chemical. There were four boxes each containing 2() rice and barnyard grass seedlings for every rate of each of the formulations of the above-named test chemical and, for comparison, also four boxes each for two commercially available wecdkillers, namely Stam (registered trademark) which is 3,4 dichloropropionanilido and Ordram (registered trademark) which is ethyl N cycle heptylthiolcarbamate. Four further boxes were treated with the same quantities of water, solvent and surfactant mixture as described for formulation F but without the active ingredient, and four more boxes were treated with the quantities of water, solvents and surfactant described for formulation F but, again, without the active ingredient. The mean result obtained from the latter eight boxes was used as the control green weight. After spraying, all the boxes were placed in large metal trays in the glasshouse and subjected to periods of drying and flooding with water as required and indicated below. 3 weeks after application of the chemical as the stage of development indicated in the tables, namely the lor 2- or 3-leaf stage respectively, the plants were cut at soil level and their green weights were determined. These green Weights were then compared with the green weights of the control plants. The difference expressed as a percentage of the weight of the control plants is the percentage reduction in green weigh listed in the tables, which shows to what extent the chemicals afiected the growth of the rice and barnyard grass. Table V demonstrates the selective woodkilling elfect of 1 isopropyl 4 methylbicyclo(2,2,2) oct 5 ene 2,3 'dicarboxylic anhydride on barnyard grass and rice when applied as post emergence treatment at an early stage (l-leaf stage) of the rice. The formulations were as follows:

toluene and emulsified in water to give the concentration of the active ingredient stated in Table V.

40 g. of l isopropyl 4 methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-5- ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride,

9 g. TERIC N 13 (registered trademark, Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand Limited) a condensation product of 1 mole of nonylphenol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide, 6 g. of calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, made up to mls. with a mixture of equal volumes of cyclohexanene and toluene, emulsified in water to concentrations of active ingredient stated in Table V.

40 g. of l isopropyl 4 methylbicyclo(2,2,2)oct-S- ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride,

15 g. of TERIC N 9 (registered trademark, Imiperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand Limited) a condensation product of 1 mole of nonylphenol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide, made up to 100 mls. with cyclohexanone and diluted with water to the concentrations of the active ingredient shown in Table V.

The subsequent irrigation treatments were as follows:

A=subirrigation to base of plants B=plants flooded 24 hours after spraying to a depth of 1 /2" of water, maintained under water for 24 hours, allowed to dry at atmospheric conditions and. after drying flooded again for 24 hours.

C-=plants flooded 48 hours after spraying, to a depth of 1 /2" of water, maintained under water for 24 hours, allowed to dry at atmospheric conditions and then flooded again for 24 hours.

D=plants flooded 72 hours after spraying, to a depth of 1 /2" of water, maintained under water for 24 hours, allowed to dry at atmospheric conditions and then flooded again for 24 hours.

Similar treatments were also carried out at the 2-leaf and 3-leaf stage, but on the whole the percentage kill on the weed was somewhat lower at the Z-leaf and considerably lower at the 3-leaf stage i.e. treatment was most effective at the l-leaf stage. Results obtained for comparison with commercially available weedkillers for bamyard grass in rice, namely Stam and Ordram, ar also given in Table V.

Since the latter are most effective at difierent developments of the rice plant, namely at the 2-leaf stage (Stam) and with proemergence treatment (Ordram) respectively, figures for the commercial products are given at these most favourable stagesi.e. all compositions are compared at their respective most effective stages of application.

TABLE V 1-isopropyl+methylbicycl0(2, 2, 2)oct-5-ene-2, S-dicarboxylic anhydride. Applied to rice and barnyard grass at the Heat stage Treatment with active Percent reduction green Percent reduction green ingredient weight of rice using weight of barnyard grass flooding treatment using flooding treatment Concentration Rate,

w./v. lbu./acre A B C D A B C D Formulation:

F i 0. 2 2 0 1.5 O 2.4 85.5 88.6 98.3 98. 5 1 "i Q. 4 4 1s. 9 2.9 0 0 10.0 98.0 99. 9 98.7 F I 0. 2 2 0 7. 3 0 0 92. 8 85. 3 96. 3 98. 2 2 "l 0.4 4 29.8 9.2 0.7 23. 7 94.1 97.4 96. 2 97.1 F l 0. 2 2 0 3. l 0 19.0 85. 9 90. 1 80. 8 95. 6 3 "1 0.4 4 21. a 0 0 6. 7 98.0 93. 96.8 99.6

Comparison with commercially available product at 1-leai stage "Star-n" 34 0. 2 2 25. 4 11. l 0 33. 4 99. 4 96. 9 70. 6 99. 2

Comparison with commercially available product at 3-leaf stage Stam" 34 0. 2 2 21. 9 0 6. 2 l4. 1 100 98. 8 99. 7 99. 0

Comparison with commercially available product, pre-emergence application i 1 i 0. 2 2 O. 9 80. 7 0.4 4 10.9 90.5

23 EXAMPLE 26 TABLE VI Selective herbicidal effect of 2-chloro-6-methyl-S-isopropylbicycl0-(2,2,2) oct-ene-2,3-dicarboxylie anhydride Concentration ot active ingredient; in aqueous emulslon, w./v. percent Rate of application of active ingredient in lbs/acre Maize S-N S-N Wheat Tip burn-N K Rye N K1 Sorghum- N N Rice. N Tip burn-N Lucerne Tip burn-N S N Beet- K: Carrots... K: Onions-.. K1 K: Tomatoes K; K; Beans S-N B-N Mustard" K: K: Cotton K: K:

We claim:

1. A process for combatting undesired fungi in plants which comprises treating said plants with a fun-gicidally effective amount of 5 methyl 7 isopropyl'bicyclo- (2,2,2 oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarb0xylic anhydride.

2. A process for combatting undesired fungi in plants which comprises treating said plants with a fungicidally isopropylbicyclo-(2,2,2)Oct 5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide;

4. A process for com batting the growth of apple powdery mildew on apple plants which comprises treating said plants with a fungicidally effective amount of 5 methyl 7 isopropylbicyclo v(2,2,2)oct 5 ene- 2,3-dicanboxylic anhydride.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 24,435 2/1958 Gilbert et al. 260-586 1,944,731 1/1934 'Diels et al. 260-123 1,993,025 3/1935 Peterson et a1. 260-123 2,237,356 4/1941 Merrill 424-299 2,328,567 9/1943 Matthews et al 260-3 2,475,288 7/1949 Ladd 424-331 2,507,207 5/1950 Hyman 424-331 2,524,145 10/ 1950 Tawney 260-313 2,556,664 6/1951 Smith et a1. 71-95 2,886,577 5/ 1959 Yonfan 260-396 2,936,262 5/1960 Gilbert 424-331 X 3,122,560 2/1964 Rigterink 260-326 3,138,615 6/1964 Bluestone 260-326 3,198,811 8/1965 Weil 260-3463 3,320,270 5/ 1967 Grogan et a1 260-3068 3,322,622 5/1967 Hocht 424-278 X 3,326,934 6/1967 Acamatsu et al. 260-325 3,334,991 -8/1967 Hageman et al. '71-8'8 3,346,597 10/1967 De Acetis 260-3463 3,476,546 11/1969 Roberts et a1. 71-88 ALBERT T. M'EYERS, Primary Examiner L. SCHENKMAN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

